Type-1 fractures: Upper portion of the odontoid peg, above the transverse portion of the cruciform ligament, these are generally stable.Fracture through the dens, flexion, or extension injuryĪnderson and D’Alonzo classification is the most ubiquitous.Ĭ2 fractures can be divided into 2 kinds: odontoid and hangman's. For example, C1-C2 is generally responsible for 50% of the rotation movement. Lack of intervertebral discs, unique ligamentous attachments, vertebra anatomy, and vertebral artery vasculature makes this area biomechanically unique from the subaxial cervical spine. It is critical to appreciate the unique anatomy of the C2 vertebra. The dens extend superiorly to communicate with C1 via the ligamentous anatomy. This is troublesome because these have a pseudoarthrosis (non-union) rate that exceeds 50%. The incidence of C2 fractures increased 135% from 2000 to 2011 in the Medicare population. C2 fractures are associated with a 20% and 40% increased risk of mortality within 3 months and 2 years, respectively. The majority of C2 fracture types are type-II dens fractures. It is important to recognize that in the elderly cohort, low-energy cervical blunt trauma can create unstable high cervical spine fractures. Falls, motor vehicle accidents, assault, and other traumatic presentations usually cause blunt trauma. Etiologyīlunt trauma is the leading mechanism.
PARTIAL ODONTOID FRACTURE SERIES
In the pediatric cohort, C1 to C2 injuries represented 7.7% of spine fractures presenting through a multi-institutional series following after trauma from multiple blunt mechanisms. Those who were younger, male, and presenting with spinal cord injury were more likely to undergo surgical intervention. Of 6370 patients with C2 fractures in Sweden, 51% were male, and the average age was 72 years. Registry study places the incidence of C2 fracture at 6 per 100,000 people. Identify interprofessional team strategies for improving communication to advance medical care and improve outcomes for various types of C2 vertebral fractures.Summarize the management options available for second cervical vertebra fractures, based on the specific fracture type.Outline the components of evaluation/assessment for a patient presenting with a potential second cervical vertebra fracture, including any indicated imaging studies.Describe the unique vertebral anatomy of the second cervical vertebra (axis).This activity reviews the etiology, presentation, evaluation, and management of C2 vertebral fractures and reviews the interprofessional team's role in evaluating, diagnosing, and managing the condition. In Sweden, of 6370 patients with C2 fractures: 51% were male, and the average age was 72 years. Registry study places the incidence of C2 fracture at 00 people.
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